Coccidiosis is an intestinal tract infection caused by a single-celled organism (protozoa) called coccidia. Coccidiosis typically refers to gastrointestinal infections with the Isospora species (sometimes called Cystoisospora) of coccidia, though other species can be found.

Coccidiosis is caused by protozoan parasites from the genus Eimeria. These parasites are host-specific, and many species occupy a specific segment of the intestinal tract. Coccidiosis may be one of the most common diseases affecting small flocks around the world, causing loss in performance and even mortality.

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Fungal growth in feed can decrease its quality substantially. As the molds thrive in feed, it can consume majority of fat, protein, carbohydrate and even mineral elements, leading subsequently to stuff discolorations, heating, mustiness and biochemical transformations, yielding to the accumulation of toxic substances in most cases. The presence of growing molds produce mycotoxins in feedstuff and decreases feed intake, and feed efficiency, while increasing the risk of infection and reproduction disability.

All animals need to receive a nutritious diet in order to maintain good health and production. In the wild, animals consume a wide variety of feed ingredients. Today the nutrient requirements of farm animals and the nutrients provided by different feed ingredients are well understood. Diets for poultry generally consist of cereal grain (mostly corn in the U.S., but also wheat, barley, sorghum, and others are used elsewhere) and a protein source (most commonly soybean meal in the U.S. but there are also several animal and plant protein sources).The nutritional quality of a feed also depends on a variety of other factors, including feed presentation, microbial contamination, the content of antinutritional factors, digestibility, palatability, and intestinal healthfulness. A variety of feed additives are available to deal with these issues.

Fat is often added to poultry diets to increase the energy content, this is especially the case in high density broiler diets. In addition, if fish meal is used, it is high in fat. To help keep feed from going bad, which is common in high fat products, antioxidants are commonly added to the diet. Compounds with antioxidant properties include ethoxyquin, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), vitamin C, and vitamin E.

Modern broiler production has undergone a remarkable transformation over the years, with advancements in genetics, nutrition and management practices. One of the key factors contributing to this transformation is the use of additives. The following important additives play a pivotal role in enhancing broiler performance, health and overall productivity.

Have you ever opened a bag of feed that smells a little musty or put your hand in the feed bunk in the middle of the winter and the ration is too hot to touch? If the answer is yes to either of these questions, then there probably was a mold problem that was not addressed. In most cases, by the time most people notice they have a problem with their feed or grain; it is too late to do much about it.

Feed spoilage is a significant issue for the feed industry, leading to loss of nutrients, feed waste, and substantial economic issues for feed and animal producers worldwide (Leyva Salas et al., 2017). Fungal growth is one of the main causes of feed spoilage; it can occur at any stage of the feed production chain, including grain pre- and post-harvest processes, during feed production or storage. Organic acids and their salts are globally used in animal nutrition for microbial preservation and supporting animal health.

Modern intensive poultry production has achieved phenomenal gains in the efficient and economical production of high quality and safe chicken meat, eggs and poultry bioproducts. At the same time as making gains in production and efficiency, the industry has had to maximise the health and well-being of the birds and minimise the impact of the industry on the environment. The use of feed additives has been an important part of achieving this success.

As antibiotics continue to be phased out of livestock production, alternative feed amendments have received increased interest not only from a research standpoint but for commercial application. Most of the emphasis to date has focused on food safety aspects, particularly on lowering the incidence of foodborne pathogens in livestock. Several candidates are currently either being examined or are already being implemented in commercial settings. Among these candidates are chemical compounds such as formaldehyde. Formaldehyde has historically been used to inhibit Salmonella in feeds during feed processing. Currently, there are several commercial products available for this purpose. This review will cover both the historical background, current research, and prospects for further research on the poultry gastrointestinal tract and feeds treated with formaldehyde.